Feed—The Backbone of Aquaculture Productivity

Aquaculture has become an essential part of global food production, particularly in East Africa, where the farming of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is thriving. At the heart of this industry’s success lies a critical component: feed. Feed accounts for up to 70% of the direct cost of production, making its cost and quality paramount to the productivity and profitability of aquaculture operations.

The Economic Significance of Feed

The economic feed conversion ratio (eFCR) is a key metric that measures how efficiently feed is converted into fish biomass. Even slight variations in feed cost and quality can significantly impact the overall cost of production. In East Africa, feed prices currently range from $850 to $950 per metric ton in Kenya and Uganda, and from $1100 to $1200 per metric ton in Rwanda. Recent global events, such as the Russia-Ukraine war and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, have driven feed prices up by as much as 20% over the past year, further highlighting the importance of feed management.

Dependence on Imported Feed

Many commercial farms in East Africa depend heavily on imported feed from reputable brands like Aller Aqua, Laguna, and Growel. Larger farms often establish supply partnerships with overseas manufacturers to secure a consistent supply of high-quality feed. This reliance on imports, while ensuring quality, can make farms vulnerable to global market fluctuations and supply chain disruptions.

Local Feed Manufacturing: A Promising Future

In response to the growing demand and high cost of imported feed, local feed manufacturing in East Africa is showing promising developments. Significant investments in feed milling infrastructure are underway, aimed at reducing dependency on imports and potentially lowering feed costs. As local manufacturing capabilities improve, farmers will benefit from more stable feed prices and a reliable supply chain.

The Path Forward

For East Africa’s aquaculture industry to continue its upward trajectory, the role of feed cannot be overstated. Ensuring the availability of high-quality, cost-effective feed is crucial for maintaining productivity and economic viability. Continued investment in local feed production and infrastructure will help mitigate the impacts of global market fluctuations and provide a sustainable foundation for the industry’s growth.

In conclusion, as the backbone of aquaculture productivity, feed management must be a top priority. By focusing on improving feed quality, reducing costs, and enhancing local manufacturing, East Africa can solidify its position as a leader in sustainable aquaculture and contribute to global food security.